Educational Technology – Meaning
·
Application of
Technology in teaching process.
o
Use of hardware
in education
·
Application of
Scientific Principles to teaching process.
o
Emphasis
Psychological principles of learning.
·
Application of
system approach to education and Training.
o
Emphasis the
interrelation of Men, Machine, Methods, Media and Materials (5M’s)
Educational Technology – Definition
·
“Educational
Technology defined as development, application, and evaluation of systems, techniques,
and aids to improve the process of human learning. -
NCERT
·
Educational
Technology is in the form of detailed application of the psychology of learning
to practical teaching problems -De
Ceoco (1971
Technology in education
·
Technology in Education is the application of
technology to any process of education.
·
Use of the technological advancement in terms of
various equipments, materials, and machines for educational purposes.
·
It involves the increasingly complex range of
audiovisual equipment, sophisticated electronic devices like projectors, films,
radio, TV, tape recorder, computers etc for individualized and group learning.
Technology of Education
·
Technology of Education is the application of
psychology of learning theories,
principles of instruction, curriculum, and learning to the process of
education.
·
It enables a teacher to use a variety of media and
modes to make his teaching effective.
·
In this the educationalist are involved in designing
and evaluation of system of learning.
Approaches to
Educational Technology
Hardware Approach (Technology in education)
·
This approach implies the use of mechanical materials
and equipments in education.
·
This approach originated from Physical Science and
engineering.
·
Using technology in the process of education.
·
This approach is a by-product of the scientific and
technological developments of the 20th century
·
In this approach the main feature is the use of
audiovisual aids like charts, models, film-strips, slides, audio cassettes, and
sophisticated equipments like film projectors, OHP, slide projector, radio,
tape recorder, LCD projector, DLP Projector, CD players, DVD Players, TV,
computer etc.
·
This help for knowledge explosion.
·
Helps in reaching out to large numbers and hence help
in reducing expenses.
·
It leads to an overall efficiency in the educational
system.
Software Approach (Technology of Education)
·
This approach
implies the use of Psychological principles and learning theories in education.
·
Originated from
Behavioral Science.
·
In software
approach, the Psychology of Learning is exploited for the
production/development and utilization of software techniques and materials in
terms of learning materials, teaching-learning strategies, tools of evaluation
and other devices to soften and smoothen the task of teaching and learning.
System Approach
·
System : A system
is any collection of interrelated parts that together constitute a larger
whole.
·
These component
parts, or elements of the system are intimately linked with one another, either
directly or indirectly, and any change in one or more elements may affect the
overall performance of the system, either beneficially or adversely.
·
System Approach
involves Tree Stages
o
System Analysis
o
System Design and
Implementation
o
System Evaluation
·
System approach
is a systematic way of Analysis, designing & implementation and evaluation
of a process in terms of its desired objectives.
·
In the case of
education, Education also can be analyzed in terms of the three components,
namely Input, Process and Output.
·
System Analysis
will help the teacher to establish meaningful relationship between Output,
Input and Process.
·
This System
design should act as the guidelines for the teacher in what to teach, when and
what manner.
·
Immediate
feedback, diagnosis and remediation at every stage should be the main role to
be played by System evaluation.
·
Evaluation has to
be done continuously and should involve formative as well as summative.
Education is a
system can be represented as follows.
Scope of
Educational Technology
·
Spelling out
Educational goals and Objectives.
o
Help for the
formulation of objectives and goals of education based on individualized and
social needs.
·
Curriculum
Development.
o
Planning of
curricular and co-curricular inputs in order to realize planned goals and
objectives.
·
Developing
Teaching-Learning materials and Resources.
o
Develops
necessary learning materials in the form of programmed learning books, computer
learning packages, mass media instruction, individualized self-instructional
packages etc.
·
Developing Human
resources.
o
ET covers the
area of teacher education.
·
Developing
Strategies.
o
Teaching
strategies, approaches and methods are devised and developed catering to
different types of students.
·
Developing
Multi-Sensory Aids.
o
Design,
development of audio visual aids.
·
Develops Feedback
Mechanism.
o
ET develops tool
of evaluation to provide feedback.
·
Develops Passive
Instruction Services.
o
Educational
radio, TV, computers are used for transmitting information. They are passive
services since all decisions are in the hands of the providers, i.e., what to
be presented, for how long, in what sequence and when.
·
Develops
Interactive Instruction Services.
o
ET tries to
provide opportunities for the learner to control the pace, mode of presentation
etc. eg. Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI), Teleconferencing via Internet
etc.
·
Develops Learning
Environments.
o
ET develops
learning environment that are learner friendly. Eg. Simulation
·
Developing Information
Resources.
o
ET bridging the
gap between developments in Information Technology and Education. Information
Resources : Eg. E-libraries, On line encyclopedia, World Wide Web,
·
Develops
Communication Devices.
o
ET has developed
communication devices for students who have mental capability to communicate,
but are not able to speak.
·
To Reduce the
Burden of Teachers.
o
ET supports the
teacher in Teaching Learning Process
Communication
media
·
Communication
media refers to the means of delivering and receiving data or information.
Multimedia -
Meaning
·
A judicious mix
of various media such as text, audio, video, graphics and animation.
Components of
Multimedia
·
Text.
·
Audio.
·
Video
·
Graphics.
·
Animation (Animation
refers to the artificial movements of text or other multimedia objects created
in virtual environments using specialized software packages. )
Multimedia
Materials in Education
·
Computer
Simulation Packages
·
Educational
interactive CD ROMs
·
Online materials
·
Educational
Computer Games
·
CAI materials
·
Programmed
Learning Materials
Disadvantages of
multimedia
·
Expensive
·
Requires special
hardware
·
Not always
compatible
Advantages of
Multimedia
·
Increases
learning effectiveness.
·
Is more appealing
over traditional, lecture-based teaching methods.
·
Offers
significant potential in improving personal communications, education and
teaching efforts.
·
Is easy to use.
·
Frees the teacher
from routine tasks.
·
Creates interest
in students
Multisensory -
Meaning
·
‘The effective
use of various senses for receiving information from various sources is known
as multi sensory approach’.
Advantages of
Multi Sensory Approach
·
Makes learning
more permanent.
·
Supplies a
concrete basis for conceptual thinking.
·
Creates interest
in students.
·
Offers reality of
experience.
·
Gives depth and
variety to the learning materials.
·
Helps to develop
continuity in thought.
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