Sunday, March 31, 2013

I SEMESTER MODEL QUESTION PAPER

B.Ed. DEGREE (SEMESTER PATTERN) EXAMINATION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER
EDU. 103. TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS IN EDUCATION
Time: Two Hours Maximum: 50 Marks
Part A
Answer all questions. Each question carries 1 mark.
1. Define communication
2. What you mean by educational informatics ?
3. What you know about ViCTERS?
4. Give two examples for activity aids.
5. Define the concept of multimedia.
6. Expand the acronym HTML and mention its purpose.
7. Give two examples for search engines.
8. Define e‐leaning.
(8 X 1 = 8 marks)
Part B
Answer  all questions.Each question carries 2 marks.
9. What is mean by communication cycle ?
10. Write any four merits of multisensory approach.
11. Differentiate CAI and CMI.
12. Write a short note on e-content authoring.
13. What is blog? How it is useful in learning?
14. Distinguish hardware and software approach.
15. Explain the terms, home page, bookmarking, web browser and web page.
16. What are the functions of EDUSAT?
(8 X 2 = 16 marks)
Part C
Answer any four questions. Each question carries 4 marks.
17. What  are the barriers of communication?
18. Explain the scope of technology in classroom teaching.
19. Explain briefly about computer networks.
20. How will you create power point presentation?
21. What are the merits of e-mail? How will you create an e‐mail ID?
22. Explain the role of teacher in computer mediated learning
(4 X 4 = 16 marks)
Part D
Answer any one question. The question carries 10 marks.
23. Traditional learning process are replaced by e-learning  today – substantiate your views
24. Briefly explain the major strategies for technology enabled teaching and leaning
(1 X 10 = 10 marks)

Thursday, March 28, 2013

MODULE V: MEADIA SKILLS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING

Computer graphics
            Computer graphics are graphics created using computers and, more generally, the representation and manipulation of image data by a computer with help from specialized software and hardware.
Typically, the term computer graphics refers to several different things:
  • The representation and manipulation of image data by a computer
  • The various technologies used to create and manipulate images
  • The sub-field of computer science which studies methods for digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual content.
  • Developments in computer graphics have had a profound impact on many types of media and have revolutionized animation, movies and the video game industry.
  • Computer generated imagery can be categorized into several different types: 2D, 3D, and animated graphics.
  • As technology has improved, 3D computer graphics have become more common, but 2D computer graphics are still widely used.
Computer graphics may be used in the following areas:
computer graphics software
  • GIMP
  • Corel Draw
  • Photoshop
GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program)
GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) is an image retouching and editing tool and free and open-source software. There are versions tailored for most operating systems including Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux.
GIMP has tools used for image retouching and editing, free-form drawing, resizing, cropping, converting between different image formats, and more specialized tasks. Animated images such as GIF and MPEG files can be created using an animation plugin.
The developers and maintainers of GIMP strive to be a high-end free software graphics application for the editing and creation of original images, photos, icons, graphical elements of web pages and art for user interface elements.
Teachers can make use of the Gimp in three main areas: (Educational Use of GIMP)
1) A free and relatively easy to use tool to edit images that you may use when building presentations, handouts, worksheets, tests, web content, or any other digital or print media. Since it runs on all platforms and is free, you can use it at home as well as at school.
2) A free tool that will work on any platform (windows,  Mac OS, Linux) including older machines that you can use to teach students concepts of digital photography, image editing, or as a tool for students to edit images used in their own reports and presentations.
3) A tool for scientific analysis of digital images taken for scientific purposes. It is possible to strip out certain color bands, adjust brightness and contrast, take measurements, and form conclusions based upon image data.
OpenOffice Impress
          OpenOffice Impress, a part of the Apache OpenOffice office suite and developed by Sun Microsystems (headquarters in Santa Clara, California), is an open source presentation program similar to Microsoft PowerPoint.
          Impress is a truly outstanding tool for creating effective multimedia presentations.
          It is able to view, edit and save files in several file formats, including the .ppt format, which is used by Microsoft PowerPoint
Audacity (audio editor)
·         Audacity is a free digital audio editor and recording application, available for Windows, Mac OS X, Linux and other operating systems. The free and open nature of Audacity has allowed it to become very popular in education, encouraging its developers to make the user interface easier for students and teachers 
Audacity's features include the following:
·         Importing and exporting of WAV, AIFF, MP3
·         Recording and playing back sounds
·         Editing via Cut, Copy and Paste (with unlimited levels of Undo)
·         Multitrack mixing.
·         A large array of digital effects and plug-ins
·         Precise adjustments to the audio's speed while maintaining pitch (Audacity calls it changing tempo), in order to synchronize it with video or run for a predetermined length of time
·         Changes to the audio's pitch without changing the speed
·         Conversion of cassette tapes or records into digital tracks by automatically splitting the audio source into multiple tracks based on silences in the source material
·         Support for multiple platforms — Audacity works on Windows, Mac OS X, and Unix-like systems
·         The latest stable version supports Windows 98/ME/2000/XP/Vista/7, but Windows 95 and NT are not supported.
Kdenlive (KDE Non-Linear Video Editor)
·         Kdenlive is a powerful multi-track video editor, including most recent video technologies.
·         Software is completely free, as defined by the GNU foundation.
·         Kdenlive is an acronym for KDE Non-Linear Video Editor
·         Can include audio and video effects to video production.
·         Audio effects include normalization, phase and pitch shifting, limiting, volume adjustment, reverb and equalization filters amongst others.
·         Video effects include options for masking, blue-screen, distortions, rotations, colour tools, blurring, obscuring and others. 
Animation
·         Animation is the process of creating the impression of a motion picture by continuous and speedy exhibition of two or three dimensional pictures using special animation software.
·         Animation – Two types:
   o        2D Animation
   o        3D Animation
Animation Software
·         2D Animation Software
   o        Tupi
   o        KToon
   o        Synfig Studio
   o        Pencil
·         3D Animation Software
   o        3d Max Studio
   o        Maya
   o        Blender
Storyboards
Storyboards are graphic organizers in the form of illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence.
Tupi 2D Magic
·         Tupi is a design and authoring tool for digital artists interested in 2D Animation, offering an interface experience focused on 8-100 years old kids.
Tupi - Features
·         Modular and friendly interface
·         Preview animation module
·         Basic tools for vectorial illustration.
·         Time line and Exposure sheet.
·         Animation export option for many video formats (OGV, AVI, MPEG, SWF).
e-content
·         e-content (Electronic-content) is Digital content that can be transmitted over a computer network such as the Internet.
·         The e-content could be in the following type:
   o        Short course / unit / module
   o        Full courseware
e-content - Authoring
·         E-content authoring means Development of digital content using special authoring tools.
·         Authoring tool is a software package which developers use to create digital content.
o        Eg: Graphic design software, Video editing software, Animation software, Programming Language etc.
Special features of e-Content Material

  • Technologically Friendly so as to be downloaded and used on any computer either independently or in a LAN situation.
  • Learner Friendly for easy navigation.
  • Learner Centric to be useful in self-instructional mode.
  • Teacher Friendly so as to be used in various teaching-learning methods such as classroom lectures, tutoring to a group, lab session etc.
  • Self-evaluation: It should include formative as well as summative evaluation.
E-content - Significance

  • E-content is valuable to the pupil and also helpful to teachers of all individual instruction systems.
  • The ultimate aim of the E- content is abolish the disparity among the learners through effective education.
  •  It is enhancing the learner knowledge level which leads to creative thinking.
Consortium for Educational Communication (CEC)

  • The Consortium for Educational Communication popularly known as CEC is one of the Inter University Centres set up by the University Grants Commission of India.
  • It has been established with the goal of addressing the needs of Higher Education through the use of powerful medium of Television along with the appropriate use of emerging Information Communication Technology (ICT).
  • Realizing the potential and power of television to act as means of Educational Knowledge dissemination, UGC started the Countrywide Classroom Programmes in the year 1984.
  • For production of such programmes Media Centres were set up at 6 Universities.
  • CEC emerged in 1993 as a nodal agency to coordinate, guide & facilitate such Educational production at the National level.
  • Today 22 Media Centres (Educational Multimedia Research Centres )are working towards achieving this goal under the umbrella of CEC.
Educational Multimedia Research Centres (EMMRC)

  • The UGC set up Media Centres in various universities and institutions in the country with the objectives to produce educational programmes for electronic media.
  • The Centres are engaged in production of Video & Multimedia based programmes.
  • CEC has perhaps the largest repository of Educational Video programmes being produced by its Media Centres, numbering more than 17,000.
  • At present about 1000 Video based programmes and almost same number of e-Contents based on UGC model curriculum are being produced annually by the Media Centres.
  • These programmes are telecast on VYAS Higher Education Channel.
  •  CEC in its media center circuit is having 22 centres across the country known as EMMRC
EMMRC in India


  •  EDUSAT is the first artificial satellite developed for educational needs.
  •  It has been become operational by 2005.
  •  Its weight is 1950kg .It is manufactured by satellite centre of ISRO, Bangalore and launched using GSLV from Sreeharikkotta on 20th September 2005. It has a projected life of 10 years. Estimated expenditure for this project is 90 crores.
  • It can cover the whole geographical area of India.
  •  It has many possibilities like Radio and T.V Transmission, Online Education, Video Conferencing etc.,
  •  It is a powerful communication tool for emulating virtual class room in an effective manner.
  •  It provides in-service training for existing teachers.
EDUSAT & KERALA

  • EDUSAT facilities enabled the students across Kerala to watch lectures delivered live from the       central studio being set up in the state capital.                                                                                                         
  • VICTERS (Virtual Class Room Technology of Edusat for Rural Schools) are implemented in       Malappuram and Palakkad districts. (Inaugurated by A.P.J Abdul Kalam).
  • The virtual class rooms are established in 50 schools in the remote and backward areas of these  districts through ROT (Receive Only Terminal).
  • The facilities are extended to 500 schools in the academic year 2005 – 2006.
  • The satellite lectures and training programmes are extremely useful for teachers and students       alike.
  • The beneficiaries are the children form remote areas.
  • ISRO plans medical education through EDUSAT.
Beneficiaries of Edusat

  •  Main beneficiaries are the students from standard I to standard XII.
  •  More useful to high school students.
  • It provides training for Directorates, Institutions and teachers coming under Public Educational       Department.
  •  It helps to provide awareness programmes by various Government Departments.
  •  It helps to conduct contact classes by state open school.
  •  It provides coaching for entrance examination.
  •  It helps to arrange career counseling

Other Important Points on EDUSAT
  •  EDUSAT is mainly intended to meet the demand for an interactive satellite - based distance       education system for the country.
  • EDUSAT is specially configured for an audio-visual medium, employing a digital interactive class   room and multimedia- multicentric system.
  •  ISRO provides space segment for EDUSAT system.
  •  Kerala is a model to other states in making technologies a part of our education.
  •  With the help of EDUSAT, it is expected that there will be a great leap in the quality education and  training with the help of modern technology to the students and teachers from primary classes to  the college level.
  •  It will be implemented under the leadership ‘IT @ School project’ and with the co-operation of ISRO.
       ViCTERS (Virtual ClassroomTechnology on Edusat for Rural Schools)

  • India's first broadband network on EDUSAT for schools - inaugurated by H.E. A P J Abdul Kalam  the President of India on 28th July, 2005 in Thiruvananthapuram .
  • The scheme which is being executed by IT@School Project of Government of Kerala, is mainly       intended to meet the demand for an Interactive Satellite based Distance Education system for the   country.
  •  It strongly reflects India's commitment to use space technology for national development,       especially for the development of the population in remote and rural locations.
  •  ViCTERS offers interactive virtual classrooms that enable the school students as well as the       teachers to directly communicate with the subject experts and educationists.
  • It also ensures the dissemination of high quality education to the students and teachers from the  original source.
      ViCTERS has two modes of operation –

  •  Interactive mode 
  •  Interactive mode of ViCTERS is used for video conferencing and other such educational                training purposes.
  •  Non interactive mode.
  • The non interactive mode of ViCTERS is the complete educational channel, first of its kind in the country, which was officially inaugurated by Hon. Chief Minister of Kerala  Shri. V.S Achuthananthan on 3rd August 2006.
  • The channel which is telecast for 17 hours a day from 6 AM to 11 PM 

Wednesday, March 27, 2013

MODULE IV :TECHNLOLOGY MEDIATED LEARNING

Technology Mediated Learning - Meaning
          'Technology mediated learning' (TML) is an 'umbrella' term, incorporating different approaches to using computers in learning and teaching: computer-aided/assisted learning (CAL), computer-mediated communication (CMC) etc.
          Technology-mediated learning refers to a learning experience that is significantly moderated through the use of information and communication technology.
          Advanced information and communication technology is increasingly viewed as a key resource in enabling Technology-mediated learning in  education.
E-resources
          E-resources are those resources which include documents in electronic or e-format that can be accessed via Internet in digital library environment.
          E-resources may be delivered on CD-ROM / DVD, over the Internet and so on.
e-Learning - Meaning
          e-Learning is the use of technology to enable people to learn anytime and anywhere.
          E-Learning is the process of delivering formal and informal learning and training activities and events through the use of all electronic media such as Internet, intranet, extranet, CD-ROM, video tape, TV, cell phones, computer technology, etc.
e-Learning - Definition
          “E-learning refers to the use of the internet technologies to deliver a broad array of solutions that enhance knowledge and performance”               -   Rosenberg (2001)
          "E-Learning means the delivery of learning with the assistance of interactive, electronic technology, whether offline or online."
Features & Impact of e-Learning
          Learning is self-paced and gives students a chance to speed up or slow down as necessary.
          Learning is self-directed, allowing students to choose content and tools appropriate to their differing interests, needs, and skill levels.
          Accommodates multiple learning styles using a variety of delivery methods geared to different learners; more effective for certain learners.
          Geographical barriers are eliminated, opening up broader education options.
          24/7 accessibility makes scheduling easy and allows a greater number of people to attend classes.
          On-demand access means learning can happen precisely when needed.
          Travel time and associated costs (parking, fuel, vehicle maintenance) are reduced or eliminated.
          Overall student costs are frequently less (tuition, residence, food, child care).
          Fosters greater student interaction and collaboration.
          Fosters greater student/instructor contact.
          Enhances computer and Internet skills.
e-Learning - Types
          Off-line Learning
          On-line Learning
         Synchronous on-line learning
         Asynchronous on-line learning
Off-line Learning
          Off-line : When a computer or other device is not turned on or connected to other devices, it is said to be ‘off-line’
          Offline can also mean not being connected to the Internet.
          “Off-line learning refers to the use of the off-line                 e-resources to deliver a broad array of solutions that enhance knowledge and performance”
          Offline Learning expands the learning experience to remote students who are not connected to a network.
Off-line learning -Importance
          E-learning is possible without internet connection.
          Individualized learning is possible.
          Enhance multisensory  and multimedia approach.
          Learner can learn according to his own learning pace.
          Learner can access valid information.
          Increases learning effectiveness.
          Is more appealing over traditional, lecture-based teaching methods.
          Frees the learner from routine tasks.
          Creates interest in students.
On-line learning
          Online learning can be defined as an approach to learning that utilizes Internet technologies to communicate and collaborate in an educational context.
          This includes technology that supplements traditional classroom learning with web-based components and learning environments where the educational process is experienced online.
Synchronous on-line learning
          Synchronous online learning those that require students and instructors to be online at the same time.
          Lectures, discussions, and presentations occur at a specific hour.
          All students must be online at that specific hour in order to participate.
          Synchronous on-line learning takes place through online lessons guided by the instructor using video conferencing, Internet radio and chat where the students login in real-time with the teacher.
Synchronous Online learning Elements
          Text Chatting
          Voice Chatting
          Video conferencing
          Web conferencing
          Internet radio
Asynchronous on-line learning
          Asynchronous on-line learning allows the learner to complete web-based learning at their own pace, without live interaction with the instructor.
          Instructors provide materials, lectures, tests, and assignments that can be accessed at any time.
          Students may be given a timeframe – usually a one week window – during which they need to connect at least once or twice with instructors.
Asynchronous Online learning Elements
          Virtual Libraries/Repositories of Documents, Presentations, Graphics, Audio Files, and Video
          E-Mail
          Discussion Boards
          Social Networking
          e-Portfolios
On-line learning -Importance
          Enhancing student-to-student and faculty-to-student communication.
          Enabling student-centered teaching approaches.
          Providing 24/7 accessibility to course materials.
          Providing just-in-time methods to evaluate student progress.
          Shy and anxious students feel more comfortable expressing ideas.
          Instructors are more accessible
          Online learning environments permit the instructor to build one course, yet implement a variety of resources, so students can utilize materials in whichever way works best for them.
          Accommodate different learning styles
          Provide opportunities for exploration (A careful systematic search)
          Continual access to materials
          Remove the necessity of physical attendance
          Utilize time efficiently
          Reduce faculty workload
Moodle
          Moodle is a software package for producing Internet-based courses and web sites.
          Moodle (abbreviation for Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment) is a free source e-learning software platform, also known as a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE).
          Moodle was originally developed by Martin Dougiamas to help educators create online courses
          The design and development of Moodle is guided by a "social constructionist pedagogy".
          Constructionism asserts that learning is particularly effective when constructing something for others to experience.
features of Moodle
          Assignment submission
          Discussion forum
          Files download
          Moodle instant messages
          Online calendar
          Online news and announcement
          Online quiz
Chatting
          Online chat may refer to any kind of communication over internet, that offers a real-time direct transmission of text-based messages from sender to receiver.
          Through chatting you can share all the stuff in your mind and videos, photos, files in your PC.
          It just require you a PC, internet connection and a chatting software.
          Online chat may address point-to-point communication as well as multicast communication.
          Types of chat – Text Chat, Voice Chat, Video Chat etc.
List of Most Common Chat Programs
          Facebook Messenger
          Fring
          Google Talk
          MSN Messenger
          Paltalk Messenger
          Skype
          Windows Live Messenger
          Yahoo! Instant Messenger
Chatting - Importance
          provides the opportunity to interact and learn with and from people from different cultures.
          Collaborative learning towards knowledge construction.
          No restrictions regarding location.
          Can chat and talk with same minded friends online
          Can take various classes like teaching, cooking, and many other classes as well through chat.
          Made world as a small village for the internet users.
          The chatting engines have made the communication very simple and affordable for the people.
          To share and gain information
E-mail
          What is e-mail?
          E-mail implies electronic mail.
          It is a system through which messages can be send between computers that are linked electronically over a network.
          The e-mail address will have two parts to it
          Username
          Domain name
Essential things for sending e-mail.
          Internet connection
          Address (e-mail account) of the sender.
          Address (e-mail account) of the receiver.
          The content of the message.
How to have an e-mail account in Yahoo . com?
          Open the browser.
          Go to the site by typing on the location. (www.yahoo.com)
          Click on ‘Create Email Account’ button.
          An Account creation form will be displayed
          Enter all information.
          After filling up all the information, click on ‘Create My Account’ button.
How to handle incoming e-mails?
          Open the browser.
          Go to the site.
          Click on e-mail button.
          Enter your e-mail address and password.
          Click on ‘sign in’ or press ‘enter’ button.
          Various buttons like compose, send, forward, reply will be displayed.
          To see the e-mail, click on ‘inbox’.
          Mail can be read by double clicking on that mail.
How to handle incoming e-mails?
          To send an e-mail
         Click on ‘compose’ button.
         Enter receiver’s address in ‘To address’ box.
         Type the message and Click on ‘send’ button.
          
          To reply
         Click on ‘reply’ button.
         Type the message and Click on ‘send’ button.
          To forward the e-mail
         Click on ‘forward’ button.
         Enter receiver’s address in ‘to address’ box and Click on ‘send' button.
blog
          A blog (web log) is a discussion or informational site published on the World Wide Web ‘posts’ typically displayed in reverse chronological order (the most recent post appears first).
          A majority of blogs are interactive, allowing visitors to leave comments and even message.
          A typical blog combines text, images, videos and link to other blogs and websites and other media related to its topic.
          Authoring a blog, maintaining a blog or adding an article to an existing blog is called blogging.
          Individual article on the blog are called ‘blog posts’ or ‘posts’ or ‘entries’.
          A person post these entries is called ‘blogger’
Blog - Types
          Personal blogs
          Micro blogs
          Corporate and organizational blogs
          By genre
         political blogs
         health blogs
         travel blogs
         fashion blogs
         project blogs
         education blogs
         classical music blogs
          Reverse blog (A Reverse Blog is composed by its users rather than a single blogger)
          By media type
         Vblogs
         Photo blogs
         Link blogs
         typecast blogs
         Tumblelogs (Blogs with shorter posts and mixed media types
Blog - Importance
          A blog is a webpage that serve as a publically accessible journal for an individual.
          Students can quickly catch-up if they miss a class.
          The teacher can use the blog as a course plan.
          Student can use blog as reference area.
           blogs can be used to motivate students to do more reading and encourage them to improve their writing style.
          Blogs can be used to bring out the diversity in the class room in terms of learning style.
Top 10 Free Online Blogging Platforms
          WordPress.com
          Blog.com
          Blogger
          TypePad Micro
          Jux
          Tumblr
          Posterous Spaces
          Blogetery
          Weebly
          LiveJournal
Teleconference
          Definition: Teleconferencing is an aggregation of audio conferencing, video conferencing, and data conferencing (refers to a communication session among two or more participants sharing computer data in real time. ), and includes multiple participants in a live real-time session.          
          Teleconferencing consists of a live real time session between multiple participants with the ability to hear and see each other as well as share data and applications.
Teleconferencing - Type
          Teleconferencing may be classified into three according to the use of media
         Audio teleconferencing
         Video teleconferencing
         Computer Teleconference
         Audio graphic teleconferencing
          Audio Teleconference:
         Voice-only; sometimes called conference calling. Interactively links people in remote locations via telephone lines.
          Video Teleconference:
         Combines audio and video to provide voice communications and video images. Can be one-way video/two-way audio, or two-way video/two-way audio. It can display anything that can be captured by a TV camera
          Computer Teleconference:
         Uses telephone lines to connect two or more computers and modems. Anything that can be done on a computer can be sent over the lines. It can be synchronous or asynchronous.
          Audiographics Teleconference:
         Uses narrowband telecommunications channels to transmit visual information such as graphics, alpha-numerics, documents, and video pictures as an adjunct to voice communication
Skype
          Skype is a proprietary (Protected by trademark or patent or copyright)  VoIP (voice over Internet Protocol) service and software application.
Skype - Features
          Registered users of Skype are identified by a unique Skype Name, and may be listed in the Skype directory.
          Skype allows these registered users to communicate through both instant messaging and voice chat.
          Voice chat allows telephone calls between pairs of users and conference calling
          Skype's text chat client allows group chats, emoticons, storing chat history and editing of previous messages.
          Offline messages were implemented in a beta of version 5, but removed after a few weeks without notification.
          Skype service allows Skype users to receive calls on their computers dialed by conventional phone subscribers to a local Skype phone number.
          Skype supports conference calls up to 25 people at a time.
          Group video calling is available for Premium subscribers between a maximum of 10 people.
          Skype has 663 million registered users as of EOY 2010.
Skype - Educational use
          Skype is being used to facilitate language exchange.
          Teachers are using Skype in unique ways to fulfill educational goals.
          The videoconferencing aspect of the software is provides a way to connect students who speak different languages and reach out to experts in varying fields of study.
          It provides teachers with a way to make their classrooms more interactive and interesting.
          teachers and students can meet other students, talk to experts, and share ideas.
          Teachers can collaborate with other teachers around the world and design different learning experiences for their students.
Sunclock
          Sunclock is a software application that delineates the countries experiencing day or night at a given time on a world map using light and shade.
          Time differences across countries, distances between regions, and longitudes and latitudes of various places are available on Sunclock.
          Sunclock offers geographical information including positions of the sun and the moon at a given time on a given day.
K-Star
          K-Star is free, open source Astronomy software.
          It provides an accurate graphical simulation of the night sky, from any location of the earth, at ant date and time.
          The display includes up to 100 million stars, 13000 deep sky objects, all 8 planets, the Sun and Moon, and thousand of comets and asteroids.
          Helps to explore the Universe.
          Helps to access information on sky objects.
          Helps to print high quality, highly customizable star charts at different zoom level for each object.
Role of the Teacher in Computer Mediated Learning
          Helps to search for information.
          Helps to analyze the learning materials.
          Helps in editing the information.
          Helps in presentation of information.
          Provides feedback.
          Gives directions for the effective use of I.T